Ka'idar ƙira ta asali na allon nunin jagora a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa
Ka'idodin ƙira na allon nunin jagoran jirgin karkashin kasa;A matsayin tashar nunin bayanai ta jama'a a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa, nunin jagorar cikin gida yana da fa'idar ƙimar farar hula da kasuwanci.
A halin yanzu, motocin karkashin kasa da ke aiki a kasar Sin gabaɗaya suna sanye da nunin LED na cikin gida, amma akwai ƙarin ayyuka kaɗan da abun cikin nunin allo guda ɗaya.Domin yin aiki tare da amfani da sabon tsarin bayanan fasinja na metro, mun ƙirƙira sabon allon nuni mai ƙarfi na metro bas da yawa.
Allon nuni ba wai kawai yana da mu'amalar bas da yawa a cikin sadarwar waje ba, har ma yana ɗaukar bas guda ɗaya da na'urorin bas na I2C a cikin ƙirar kewayawa na ciki.
Akwai nau'i biyu naLED fuskaa kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa: an sanya ɗaya a waje da abin hawa don nuna sashin tafiyar jirgin, jagorar gudu da sunan tashar yanzu, wanda ya dace da Sinanci da Ingilishi;Hakanan za'a iya nuna wasu bayanan sabis bisa ga buƙatun aiki;Nunin rubutun na iya zama a tsaye, gungurawa, fassarar, ruwa, raye-raye da sauran tasirin, kuma adadin haruffan da aka nuna shine 16 × 12 16 haruffa matrix dige.Sauran shine nunin LED na cikin gida, wanda aka sanya a cikin jirgin.Nunin LED na cikin gida na tashar yana iya saita tashar daidai gwargwadon buƙatun aikin jirgin, kuma yana nuna tashar ta yanzu a cikin ainihin lokaci, da yanayin zafin da ke cikin jirgin, tare da haruffa 16 × takwas 16 matrix haruffa.
Tsarin tsari
Allon tsarin nunin LED yana kunshe da na'urar sarrafa kwamfuta mai kwakwalwa guda daya da kuma na'urar nuni.Naúrar nuni ɗaya na iya nuna haruffan Sinanci 16 × 16.Idan an samar da wani girman girman tsarin nunin hoto na LED, ana iya gane shi ta hanyar amfani da raka'o'in nunin hankali da yawa da kuma hanyar "tubalan gini".Ana amfani da sadarwar serial tsakanin sassan nuni a cikin tsarin.Baya ga sarrafa naúrar nuni da watsa umarni da sigina na kwamfuta ta sama, ana kuma haɗa naúrar sarrafa tare da firikwensin zafin jiki na bas guda ɗaya mai lamba 18B20.Godiya ga ƙirar ƙirar da'irar sarrafawa, idan akwai buƙatu don auna zafi, ana iya haɓaka 18b20 zuwa da'irar ƙirar da ta ƙunshi DS2438 daga Dallas da HIH23610 daga HoneywELL.Domin biyan buƙatun sadarwa na duka abin hawa, ana amfani da bas ɗin CAN don sadarwa tsakanin babbar kwamfuta da kowace naúrar sarrafawa a cikin abin hawa.
hardware zane
Naúrar nuni ta ƙunshi panel nunin LED da kewayen nuni.Kwamitin nuni na LED yana kunshe da 4 dige matrix modules × 64 dige matrix na duniya na fasaha na fasaha, naúrar nuni ɗaya na iya nuna 4 16 × 16 dige matrix haruffa Sinanci ko alamomi.Ana amfani da sadarwar serial tsakanin raka'a nuni a cikin tsarin, ta yadda aikin gabaɗayan tsarin ya kasance mai haɗin kai da haɗin kai.Da'irar nuni ta ƙunshi tashoshin kebul na filaye guda biyu 16, direbobin bas ɗin tristate guda biyu na 74H245, inverter guda 74HC04D guda shida, biyu 74H138 dikodire takwas da latches 74HC595 takwas.Mahimmancin da'irar sarrafawa shine babban microcontroller 77E58 na WINBOND, kuma mitar crystal shine 24MHz AT29C020A shine 256K ROM don adana ɗakin karatu na 16 × 16 dige matrix na Sinanci da 16 × 8 dige matrix ASCII lambar tebur.AT24C020 EP2ROM ne da ke kan bas ɗin I2C, wanda ke adana bayanan da aka saita, kamar sunayen tashar jirgin ƙasa, gaisuwa, da sauransu. Ana auna zafin motar ta hanyar firikwensin zafin dijital na bus guda 18b20.SJA1000 da TJA1040 sune masu kula da bas na CAN da transceiver bi da bi.
Sarrafa naúrar kewayawa
Duk tsarin yana ɗaukar microcontroller 77E58 mai ƙarfi na Winbond azaman ainihin.77E58 yana ɗaukar ƙirar microprocessor da aka sake tsarawa, kuma umarninsa sun dace da jerin 51.Duk da haka, saboda zagayowar agogon zagayowar ne kawai 4 cycles, saurin gudu gabaɗaya sau 2 ~ 3 ya fi na 8051 na gargajiya a mitar agogo ɗaya.Sabili da haka, buƙatun mitar don microcontroller a cikin nuni mai ƙarfi na manyan haruffan Sinanci an warware su da kyau, kuma ana ba da sa ido.77E58 tana sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar walƙiya ta AT29C020 ta latch 74LS373, tare da girman 256K.Tun da ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ya fi 64K, ƙira ta ɗauki hanyar yin magana da paging, wato, P1.1 da P1.2 ana amfani da su don zaɓar shafuka don ƙwaƙwalwar walƙiya, wanda aka raba zuwa shafuka huɗu.Girman adireshin kowane shafi shine 64K.Baya ga zaɓin kwakwalwan kwamfuta na AT29C020, P1.5 yana tabbatar da cewa P1.1 da P1.2 ba za su haifar da rashin aiki na AT29C020 ba lokacin da aka sake amfani da su akan ƙirar kebul na 16 pin flat.Mai kula da CAN shine mabuɗin ɓangaren sadarwa.Don haɓaka ikon hana tsangwama, an ƙara 6N137 babban optocoupler mai sauri tsakanin mai kula da CAN SJA1000 da CAN transceiver TJA1040.Microcontroller yana zaɓar guntu mai sarrafa CAN SJA1000 ta hanyar P3.0.18B20 na'urar bas ce guda ɗaya.Yana buƙatar tashar I/O ɗaya kawai don haɗin kai tsakanin na'urar da microcontroller.Yana iya juyar da zafin jiki kai tsaye zuwa siginar dijital kuma ya fitar da shi a jere a cikin yanayin lambar dijital 9-bit.An zaɓi P1.4 a cikin da'irar sarrafawa don kammala zaɓin guntu da ayyukan watsa bayanai na 18B20.The Agogo na USB SCL da bidirectional data USB SDA na AT24C020 an haɗa su da P1.6 da P1.7.16 fil lebur waya musaya na microcontroller, waxanda suke da dubawa sassa na kula da kewaye da nuni kewaye.
Nuna haɗin naúrar da sarrafawa
An haɗa ɓangaren kewayawar nuni tare da tashar waya mai lebur mai fini 16 na sashin da'ira mai sarrafawa ta hanyar 16 fil flat waya tashar jiragen ruwa (1), wanda ke watsa umarni da bayanan microcontroller zuwa kewayen nunin LED.Ana amfani da waya mai lebur 16 (2) don murɗa allon nuni da yawa.Haɗin sa daidai yake da 16 fil flat waya tashar jiragen ruwa (1), amma ya kamata a lura cewa ƙarshen R yana haɗa zuwa ƙarshen DS na takwas 74H595 daga hagu zuwa dama a cikin Hoto 2, Lokacin cascading, zai zama. an haɗa jeri tare da 16 fil flat USB (1) tashar tashar nuni na gaba (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 1).CLK shine tashar siginar agogo, STR shine tashar layin layi, R shine tashar bayanai, G (GND) da LOE sune tashoshin kunna hasken layi, kuma A, B, C, D sune tashoshin zaɓin jere.Takamaiman ayyuka na kowace tashar jiragen ruwa sune kamar haka: A, B, C, D sune tashoshin zaɓi na layi, waɗanda ake amfani da su don sarrafa takamaiman aika bayanai daga kwamfuta ta sama zuwa layin da aka keɓance akan allon nuni, kuma R shine bayanan. Terminal, wanda ke karɓar bayanan da microcontroller ke watsawa.Tsarin aiki na naúrar nunin LED shine kamar haka: bayan tashar siginar agogon CLK ta karɓi bayanai a tashar R, kewayawar sarrafawa da hannu tana ba da bugun bugun jini, kuma STR yana cikin jerin bayanai (16 × 4) Bayan an watsa duk bayanan 64, ana ba da bugun bugun jini mai tasowa don ɗaukar bayanan;An saita LOE zuwa 1 ta microcontroller don haskaka layin.Ana nuna zane-zanen da'irar nuni a hoto na 3.
Zane na zamani
Motocin metro suna da buƙatu daban-daban don nunin jagorar cikin gida bisa ga ainihin halin da ake ciki, don haka mun yi la'akari da wannan sosai lokacin zayyana da'ira, wato, a ƙarƙashin yanayin tabbatar da cewa manyan ayyuka da tsarin ba su canzawa, takamaiman kayayyaki za a iya musanya su.Wannan tsarin yana sa da'irar sarrafa LED ta sami fa'ida mai kyau da sauƙin amfani.
Yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi
A cikin wurare masu zafi da damina a kudu, ko da yake akwai na'urar sanyaya zafin jiki akai-akai a cikin motar, zafi kuma yana da mahimmancin alamar da fasinjoji suka damu.Tsarin zafin jiki da yanayin zafi wanda mu ya tsara yana da aikin auna zafin jiki da zafi.Tsarin zafin jiki da yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin zafi suna da ƙirar soket iri ɗaya, duka biyun tsarin bas ɗaya ne kuma tashar P1.4 ke sarrafa su, don haka ya dace don musanya su.HIH3610 na'urar firikwensin zafi ne na tasha guda uku tare da fitarwar wutar lantarki ta Kamfanin Honeywell.DS2438 mai jujjuyawar A/D ne 10-bit tare da hanyar sadarwar bas guda ɗaya.Guntu ya ƙunshi babban firikwensin zafin jiki na dijital, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don biyan zafin zafin na'urori masu auna zafi.
485 bas fadada module
A matsayin bas ɗin bas ɗin balagagge kuma mai arha, bas 485 yana da matsayi maras ma'ana a fagen masana'antu da filin zirga-zirga.Saboda haka, mun tsara tsarin fadada bas 485, wanda zai iya maye gurbin ainihin tsarin CAN don sadarwar waje.Samfurin yana amfani da keɓewar hoto na MAXIM MXL1535E azaman mai ɗaukar hoto na 485.Don tabbatar da daidaituwar sarrafawa, duka MXL1535E da SJA1000 an zaɓi guntu ta hanyar P3.0.Bugu da kari, 2500VRMS keɓewar wutar lantarki ana ba da ita tsakanin gefen RS2485 da mai sarrafawa ko bangaren sarrafa dabaru ta hanyar mai canzawa.Ana ƙara da'irar TVS diode zuwa ɓangaren fitarwa na ƙirar don rage tsangwama ta layin layi.Hakanan ana iya amfani da masu tsalle-tsalle don yanke shawarar ko za a loda juriyar tashar bas.
Tsarin software
Software na tsarin ya ƙunshi babbar manhajar sarrafa kwamfuta da software mai sarrafa naúrar.An ƙera babbar manhajar sarrafa kwamfuta ta sama akan dandamalin aiki na Windows22000 ta amfani da C++ BUILD6.0, gami da zaɓin yanayin nuni (ciki har da a tsaye, walƙiya, gungurawa, bugawa, da sauransu), zaɓin gungurawa (ciki har da gungura sama da ƙasa da hagu da kuma). gungura dama), daidaitawar saurin nuni mai ƙarfi (watau mitar walƙiya rubutu, saurin gungurawa, saurin buga nuni, da sauransu), shigar da abun ciki mai nuni, samfotin nuni, da sauransu.
Lokacin da tsarin ke gudana, tsarin ba zai iya nuna haruffa kawai kamar sanarwar tashar da tallace-tallace bisa ga saitunan da aka saita ba, amma kuma da hannu shigar da haruffan nuni da ake buƙata.KEILC na 8051 ne ya tsara software mai sarrafa naúrar kuma an ƙarfafa shi a cikin EEPROM na kwamfutar guntu guda 77E58.Yakan kammala sadarwa tsakanin manyan kwamfutoci na sama da na ƙasa, samun bayanan zafin jiki da zafi, sarrafa I/O da sauran ayyuka.Lokacin aiki na ainihi, daidaiton ma'aunin zafin jiki ya kai ± 0.5 ℃ kuma ƙimar ƙimar zafi ya kai ± 2% RH
Kammalawa
Wannan takarda ya gabatar da zane ra'ayin jirgin karkashin kasa na cikin gida LED nuni allo daga al'amurran da hardware makirci zane zane, dabaru tsarin, abun da ke ciki block zane, da dai sauransu Ta hanyar zane na filin bas dubawa module da zazzabi zafi module dubawa, da na cikin gida LED nuni allon iya. daidaita da bukatun yanayi daban-daban, kuma yana da kyau scalability da versatility.Bayan gwaje-gwaje da yawa, an yi amfani da allon nunin jagora na cikin gida a cikin sabon tsarin bayanan fasinja na metro na gida, kuma tasirin yana da kyau.Al'adar ta tabbatar da cewa allon nuni zai iya kammala daidaitaccen nunin haruffa da zane-zane na kasar Sin da kuma nunin nuni daban-daban, kuma yana da halaye na haske mai haske, babu flicker, sarrafa dabaru masu sauki, da sauransu, wanda ke cika bukatun nunin motocin karkashin kasa. dominLED fuska.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-16-2022